The structure of the gum

Mucous membrane, lining with gubo-schechnoy and speaking-palatal side of alveolar bone, the thickness reaches 1-3 mm. Epithelium on the outer side of the gum has a thickness of 450 microns, and at the adjacent to the teeth - 100 microns.

The external layer of the cornea epithelium, located in separate sections of the mucous membrane of hard palate, gums, tongue and gum papilla exposed to the greatest stress, protects the mucosa from damage that may occur during chewing of food, clean teeth, massage gums, and other procedures.

Соединительнотканная basis gingival mucosa adjacent to the bone, is mainly composed of a network of thick collagen fibers. Some of them penetrate the alveolus (lunochku, which are the roots of the tooth). In prisheechnoy part of the tooth at the edge of alveolus collagen fibers, together with boundary periodontal fibers are part of the round ligament of teeth. Podepitelialny layer of mucous membrane contains mainly loose connective fibers, reaching the neck of the tooth to form around the roller height 1,5-2 mm.V field gum papilla (gum area between teeth) and gum edge of connective tissue less dense than in other parts of the gums .

Through the epithelium in the oral cavity of the body, and gum from food penetrate various biologically active substances. Permeability inflamed epithelium increases, thereby creating the conditions for infection periodontium.

Dentogingival groove formed vallate gum edges and surfaces of the neck of the tooth. Normally the depth of the range of 0,5-1,5 mm. At the bottom of the notch dentogingival is fibrous connective tissue - circular ligament tooth, providing him, along with other resistance. The surface of the bottom is covered with epithelium dentogingival grooves.

Alveolar bone consists of a sponge - a system of bone balochek covered with cells and connective fibers. Balochki form a cell width of 0.6 - 3.5 mm, filled with bone marrow. On the part of the gums and periodontal sponge limited compact layer of bone, which correspond to a compact disc jaw.

Periodontium - a dense fabric that keeps the root of the tooth to the bone alveolus. It consists of a large number of bundles of fibers (collagen, oksitalanovyh, elastic) that focus mainly on the radial walls of the root. Intervals between the bundles of fibers filled with loose, rich in cells and extracellular jelly substance of the connective tissue.